48. Rotate Image

You are given an n x n 2D matrix representing an image, rotate the image by 90 degrees (clockwise).

You have to rotate the image in-place, which means you have to modify the input 2D matrix directly. DO NOT allocate another 2D matrix and do the rotation.

Example 1:

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Input: matrix = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
Output: [[7,4,1],[8,5,2],[9,6,3]]

Example 2:

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Input: matrix = [[5,1,9,11],[2,4,8,10],[13,3,6,7],[15,14,12,16]]
Output: [[15,13,2,5],[14,3,4,1],[12,6,8,9],[16,7,10,11]]

题目大意

给定一个 n×n 的二维矩阵,需要将其顺时针旋转 90 度,并且必须在原地旋转,不能使用额外的矩阵空间。

解题思路

最有效的原地旋转方法是通过先转置矩阵,再反转每一行

  1. 矩阵转置:将矩阵的行变为列(第 i 行第 j 列元素与第 j 行第 i 列元素交换)
  2. 反转每行:将转置后的矩阵中每一行的元素进行反转

这种方法只需 O (1) 的额外空间,且操作直观易懂。

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class Solution {
public:
void rotate(vector<vector<int>>& matrix) {
int n = matrix.size();

// 步骤1:转置矩阵
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
for (int j = i; j < n; ++j) {
swap(matrix[i][j], matrix[j][i]);
}
}

// 步骤2:反转每一行
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
reverse(matrix[i].begin(), matrix[i].end());
}
}
};